BEYOND THE BOMB

THE EXTENSION OF THE NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY
AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS

Based on a series of five international seminars
held at the Transnational Institute (TNI) in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Spring 1995.

edited by
Huub Jaspers

in cooperation with
Dirk Bannink, Bas Bruyne, John Grin,
Klarissa Nienhuys, Bart van der Sijde, Vivienne Simon.

published by

Transnational Institute (TNI), Amsterdam

World Information Service on Energy (WISE), Amsterdam

Greenpeace International, Amsterdam



This book is based on a series of five international seminars held in Spring 1995 at TNI in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The authors are responsible for the contents of their contributions; their opinions do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the publishers. The book was first published in Dutch as "De Bom Voorbij - De verlenging van het Non-Proliferatie Verdrag en de toekomst van de kernbewapening", by the Peace Research Institute of the Catholic University of Nijmegen, in December 1995.

The whole book is available for download in one single zip file [188 kB] by clicking here. You will need an utility like winzip to unzip the files.

Contents
Acknowledgements
Foreword   Jan Herman Burgers
Glossary of terms
Introduction   Huub Jaspers
 
I. History, Meaning & Future of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
Notes on History and Meaning of the NPT   Piet de Klerk
Germany and the Origin and History of the NPT   Matthias Küntzel
The NPT: A Southern Perspective   Bharat Bhushan
 
II. Nuclear Energy, Development & Proliferation
The NPT and the Issue of Latent Proliferation   Roland Kollert
The IAEA and the NPT Safeguards Regime: An Impossible Task   Shaun Burnie
Nuclear Energy, Environment and Development: The Case of Indonesia   Hok An
 
III. Nuclear Armament & International Conflicts
Horizontal Proliferation and the US Non-Proliferation Policy    Bart van der Sijde
Counter Proliferation: A New US Strategy or Old Wine in New Bottles?   Gerard Berkhof
Israel, the Bomb, and Peace in the Middle East   Frank Barnaby
  
IV. European Unification & Nuclear Armament
Perspectives after the 1995 NPT Extension Conference   Wolfgang Liebert
Germany, the NPT, and the European Option   Matthias Küntzel
Will the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union lead to a Eurobomb?   Martin Butcher
The European Option: Questions and Objections   Roundtable discussion with Dan Smith, Ben Cramer, Peter Weiss, Huub Jaspers, Matthias Küntzel
 
V. The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference
Course and Results of the 1995 NPT Conference in New York   Edith Ballantyne
Nuclear Disarmament after the NPT Extension and the Role of NGOs   Jürgen Scheffran
Campaigning for a Nuclear-Free World: Lessons for the Future   Shaun Burnie
 
Appendices
Text of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
List of States Parties to the NPT
About TNI, WISE, and Greenpeace
About the Authors

Acknowledgements

As initiator and coordinator of the seminars and as editor of this book, I would like to thank all those who have contributed to making this project possible. These are:

  • Hermine Linnebank, who did a tremendous job as office coordinator.
  • The speakers and chairs of the seminars: Hok An, Gerard Aupers, Edith Ballantyne, Frank Barnaby, Gerard Berkhof, Bharat Bhushan, Shaun Burnie, Martin Butcher, Ben Cramer, John Grin, Piet de Klerk, Roland Kollert, Matthias Küntzel, Wolfgang Liebert, Klarissa Nienhuys, Jürgen Scheffran, Bart van der Sijde, Dan Smith, Peter Weiss.
  • The author of the preface: Jan Herman Burgers.
  • The translators and co-editors of the book: Dirk Bannink, Bas Bruyne, John Grin, Klarissa Nienhuys, Annemarie Oostenbrink, Bart van der Sijde, Vivienne Simon.
  • The designer of the cover page Martijn de Vries, and the lay-outer of the book Ria Riswick.
  • The conveners of the seminars: Transnational Institute (TNI); World Information Service on Energy (WISE); Greenpeace Netherlands; the Dutch sections of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), of Friends of the Earth, and of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (NVMP); Interchurch Peace Council (IKV); Women for Peace (VvV); Women Against Nuclear Weapons (VTK); Humanist Peace Council (HVB); Dutch Documentation and Research Centre on Nuclear Energy (LAKA); Anti Militarist Research Group (AMOK); Dutch Anti Nuclear Coalition (NKC).
  • The financial supporters of the project, including Fonds Vredesprojecten, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Solidariteitsfonds XminY, Greenpeace Nederland, Greenpeace International, Raad voor Overheid en Samenleving, Deputaten voor Oorlog en Vrede van de Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland.
  • All others who helped in one way or another to realize this project: Herman Beekers, Praful Bidwai, Joop Boer, Bert Bomert, Fiona Dove, Dirk-Jan Dullemond, Minda Groeneveld-Jusay, Jochen Hippler, Karel Koster, Jos Linnebank, Arja Loggers, Carlota Lopes da Silva, Mariël Otten, Peter van de Vlies, Mans van Zandbergen, Laurian Zwart.

Huub Jaspers, Amsterdam, July 1996

Colophon Publishers:
Transnational Institute (TNI)
World Information Service on Energy (WISE)
Greenpeace International
Cover Photo: Greenpeace Nederland
Cover Design: Martijn de Vries
Lay-out: Ria Riswick
Translations: Bas Bruyne, Annemarie Oostenbrink, Vivienne Simon
Coordination: Huub Jaspers
Printing: Print Partners Ipskamp, Enschede, Netherlands
Distribution: WISE, Ketelhuisplein 43, 1054 RD Amsterdam, Netherlands
Phone: (31) 20 612 63 68. Fax: (31) 20 689 21 79
©TNI, July 1996
ISBN:90-70563-10-X



Beyond the Bomb

In April and May 1995, at the United Nations in New York, an important international conference took place on the future of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - the Treaty against the spread of nuclear weapons that came into force in March 1970. Although strongly opposed by 'non-aligned' countries such as Mexico, Indonesia, and Nigeria in the two-year preparatory process, the final outcome of the 1995 conference was the indefinite extension of the Treaty.

A common desire for a thorough and unprejudiced assessment of twenty-five years of NPT history was the main motive behind the Amsterdam-based Transnational Institute (TNI) and World Information Service on Energy (WISE) organizing a series of seminars. Scientists, writers, government officials, and activitsts from diverse parts of the world and with different viewpoints were brought together to discuss the history and meaning of the NPT and the future of nuclear (dis)armament. During the seminars a number of lesser known - and in the international NPT debate generally underestimated, or even completely forgotten - aspects of the non-proliferation issue were raised.

This volume contains the introductions which were presented during the seminars by: Hok An (Indonesia), Edith Ballantyne (Switzerland), Frank Barnaby (United Kingdom), Gerard Berkhof (Netherlands), Bharat Bhushan (India), Shaun Burnie (United Kingdom), Martin Butcher (Belgium), Ben Cramer (France), Huub Jaspers (Netherlands), Piet de Klerk (Netherlands), Roland Kollert (Germany), Matthias Küntzel (Germany), Wolfgang Liebert (Germany), Jürgen Scheffran (Germany), Bart van der Sijde (Netherlands), Peter Weiss (USA).

The foreword is by Jan Herman Burgers, who was from 1965 to 1972 - as head of the disarmament desk of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs - closely involved in the NPT negotiations.

ISBN: 90-70563-10-X Price: Dfl 25,00 (US$ 15,00)


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